Chemical Bonds Study Guide free essay sample

A molecule with covalent bond o Formula unit with ionic bond * Molecules: formed by covalent bonds * Lattice energy is the energy released in the formation of an ionic compound. The formation of an IONIC BOND is the result of the transfer of one or more electrons from a metal onto a non-metal. Characteristics of both bonds: * Occur between 2 atoms * Composed of 2 electrons * Have both ionic and covalent characteristics * Together = 100% Both bonds are measured on an electronegativity scale * Both contain a nonmetal * Chemical bonds * Are determined by using the â€Å"magic number† (1. 67) * Have bond angle and bond axis Characteristics of metallic bonds: * In metals (d-block electrons only.. because of shape and prop. ) * They’re delocalized (no electron ‘belongs’ to any one atom) * Known as the â€Å"sea of elements† because they’re floating around * Atomic radius determines how close atoms can get Hydrogen bonding: * Dipole-Dipole attraction Occurs between H atoms (positive charge) and highly electronegative atoms (negative charge) such as O, N, F * ? = lowercase delta (+/-) * hydrogen reacts with a lone pair * Transient bond (temporary) * H has a high boiling point * Ice has crystalline structure * Water molecule is bent: 107. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemical Bonds Study Guide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5 ° angle * Adhesion: between molecules and surface * Cohesion: between molecule and molecule * Intermolecular: forces between molecules which hold two or more of them together. (ex. between hydrogen and oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or fluorine) Intramolecular: forces happen inside the molecule and are the forces holding the atom together which form the molecule. (ex. Ionic and covalent bonds) * Dipole-Dipole forces: Polar covalent molecules are sometimes described as dipoles, meaning that the molecule has two poles. One end (pole) of the molecule has a partial positive charge while the other end has a partial negative charge. * Potable: water that is drinkable * Choler: bacterial infection causes dysentery Shapes: * 2 bonding, 1 lone pair: Bent 3 bonding, 0 lone pairs: Trigonal Planar * 2 bonding, 0 lone pairs: Linear * 4 bonding, 0 lone pair: Tetrahedral * 4 bonding, 2 lone pairs: Square Planar * 5 bonding, 0 lone pairs: Trigonal Bipyramidal * 3 bonding, 1 lone pair: Trigonal Pyramidal * 6 bonding, 0 lone pairs: Octahedral * 5 bonding, 1 lone pair: Square Pyramidal * Electrons determine the shape (electron configuration) because the electrons pull away from each other * A carbon is in the middle of a tetrahedral * # of atoms: * 2-linear * 3-linear/bent * 4-Trigonal planar